<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-night-mode-disabled vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="en" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Saudization</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudization"> <link href="./mw/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/user.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Saudization rootpage-Saudization skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">
<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Saudization</span></span>
</h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="Politics_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Politics of Saudi Arabia">Politics of Saudi Arabia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above">
<p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Arab_League" title="Arab League"></a></span></span> <a href="Arab_League" title="Arab League">Member State of the Arab League</a>
</p>
<hr></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;padding-bottom:0.5em;">
<a href="Basic_Law_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Basic Law of Saudi Arabia">Basic Law</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">Monarchy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;">
<ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">King</a> and <a href="Custodian_of_the_Two_Holy_Mosques" title="Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques">Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques</a></div>
<dl><dd><a href="Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a></dd></dl></li>
<li><a href="Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia">Crown Prince</a>
<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a></div></dd></dl></li>
<li><a href="Deputy_crown_prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy crown prince">Deputy crown prince</a>
<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Vacant</div></dd></dl></li>
<li><a href="Allegiance_Council" title="Allegiance Council">Allegiance Council</a></li>
<li><a href="Succession_to_the_Saudi_Arabian_throne" title="Succession to the Saudi Arabian throne">Succession</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;">
<ul><li><a href="Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Prime Minister</a>
<dl><dd><a href="Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a></dd></dl></li>
<li><a href="Council_of_Ministers_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia">Council of Ministers</a></li>
<li><a href="Consultative_Assembly_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia">Consultative Assembly</a>
<dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President: <a href="Abdullah_ibn_Muhammad_Al_ash-Sheikh" title="Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh">Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh</a></div></dd></dl></li>
<li><a href="National_Security_Council_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="National Security Council (Saudi Arabia)">National Security Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Legal_system_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Legal system of Saudi Arabia">Legal system</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;;text-align:left;"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><a href="Quran" title="Quran">The Quran</a></li>
<li><a href="Hadith" title="Hadith">The Hadith</a></li>
<li><a href="Judiciary_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Judiciary of Saudi Arabia">Judiciary</a></li>
<li><a href="Capital_punishment_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Capital punishment in Saudi Arabia">Capital punishment</a></li>
<li><a href="Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia">Freedom of religion</a></li>
<li><a href="Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Human rights in Saudi Arabia">Human rights</a></li>
<li><a href="Women's_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Women's rights in Saudi Arabia">Women's rights</a></li>
<li><a href="LGBT_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Saudi Arabia">LGBT rights</a></li>
<li><a href="Committee_for_the_Promotion_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Saudi Arabia)">Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice</a></li></ul>
<p><br>
</p>
</div></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Recent <a href="Elections_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Elections in Saudi Arabia">elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;">
<ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Municipal: <a href="2005_Saudi_Arabian_municipal_elections" title="2005 Saudi Arabian municipal elections">2005</a></li><li><a href="2011_Saudi_Arabian_municipal_elections" title="2011 Saudi Arabian municipal elections">2011</a></li><li><a href="2015_Saudi_Arabian_municipal_elections" title="2015 Saudi Arabian municipal elections">2015</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Administrative_divisions_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Saudi Arabia">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;;text-align:center;"><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="Regions_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Saudi Arabia">Regions</a></li>
<li><a href="Governorates_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of Saudi Arabia">Governorates</a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;">
<ul><li><a href="Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saudi Arabia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>
<dl><dd>Minister of Foreign Affairs: <a href="Faisal_bin_Farhan_Al_Saud" title="Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud">Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud</a></dd>
<dd>Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs: <a href="Abdul_Aziz_bin_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah">Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah</a></dd>
<dd>Minister of State for Foreign Affairs: <a href="Adel_al-Jubeir" title="Adel al-Jubeir">Adel al-Jubeir</a></dd></dl></li></ul>
<hr>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Saudi Arabia">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Saudi Arabia">in Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul>
<hr>
<ul><li><a href="Saudi_Arabian_nationality_law" title="Saudi Arabian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li>
<li><a href="Saudi_passport" title="Saudi passport">Passport</a></li>
<li><a href="Visa_requirements_for_Saudi_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Saudi citizens">Visa requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="Visa_policy_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Visa policy of Saudi Arabia">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below">
<span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ASaudi_Arabia" title="Portal:Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;">
<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Saudization</b> (<a href="Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">السعودة</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially the <b>Saudi nationalization scheme</b> and also known as <b>Nitaqat</b> (<a href="Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">النطاقات</span>), is a policy that is implemented in the <a href="Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</a> by the <a href="Ministry_of_Labor_and_Social_Development_(Saudi_Arabia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Labor and Social Development (Saudi Arabia)">Ministry of Labor and Social Development</a>, which requires companies and enterprises to fill their workforce with Saudi nationals up to certain levels.
</p><p>Prior to its implementation, the private sector was largely dominated by <a href="Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriate</a> workers from <a href="India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, the <a href="Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and <a href="Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab countries</a> such as <a href="Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and <a href="Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.
</p><p>The Saudi Government created the policy to reduce unemployment among native Saudis, under the slogan 'Let's Put the Saudi in Saudization'.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the policy, companies that failed to comply with Saudization regulations will not be awarded government contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the "Saudi political elite" agrees on the importance of Saudization,<sup id="cite_ref-Hertog-1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hertog-1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saudi businesses have complained about its implementation and found loopholes to dodge Saudization demands.<sup id="cite_ref-Hertog-91_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hertog-91-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 2017, updates to the Saudization policy changed the percentage of Saudi nationals required in each company, depending on industry and company size.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
<p>While many Saudi native men found employment with the government, there were not enough government jobs as over 65% of the population is of working age.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'Saudization' of the workforce has been a goal of the kingdom since at least the Fourth Development Plan (1985–1989) which called for replacing foreign workers with Saudi natives as one of its objectives. Immigration was tightened and many undocumented foreign workers were deported, but the program was only a marginal success.<sup id="cite_ref-Wynbrandt-252_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wynbrandt-252-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>A Saudization goal for 2003 mandated Saudis make up at least 30% of the employees in companies with 20 or more workers, and that the employee percentage of Saudis must be increased by 5% annually. However, fewer than 300,000 Saudis were employed in the approximately 10,000 companies of this size.<sup id="cite_ref-Wynbrandt-298_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wynbrandt-298-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In June 2006, negotiations between business executives and senior government leaders, including <a href="Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">King Abdullah</a>, led to reductions of Saudization targets in some work sectors from 30 percent to 10 percent. In the case of two Chinese companies, they received full waivers from Saudization, according to discussions between US ambassador <a href="James_C._Oberwetter" title="James C. Oberwetter">James C. Oberwetter</a> and Saudi executives.
</p><p>In 2014 the <i>Saudi Gazette</i> reported that one of the targets of the kingdom's Ninth Development Plan (2010–2015) — to "bring down the unemployment rate to 5.5 percent and revive the Saudization strategy"—had not been realized.<sup id="cite_ref-ML-2014_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ML-2014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Currently, the plan targets women and Saudi youths to grow the kingdom's economy. The <a href="Majlis-ash-Shura" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis-ash-Shura">Shura council</a> dictated in 2007 that 70 percent of the workforce must be Saudi. Between 2011 and 2013, the transportation and communication sectors recorded the highest improvement in Saudization rates from 9 percent to 20 percent. Manufacturing also had a notable improvement in Saudization rates from 13 percent to 19.3 percent.
</p><p>Saudization rates in the retail and construction sectors also improved from 12.9 percent and 7.2 percent to 18.4 percent and 10.3 percent respectively, said the report.
Taking average growth for the period between 2011 and 2013, improved Saudization rates in the transportation sector came mainly as a result of a significant 59 percent growth in the employment of Saudis. Average Saudi employment growth in the manufacturing and wholesale and retail sectors was also high, at 25 percent each.
Meanwhile, employment growth for non-Saudis averaged just 4 percent and 7 percent respectively.
</p><p>The construction sector — the most labor-intensive part of the private sector — recorded an impressive 34 percent average growth in employment of Saudis, while employment of non-Saudis in the sector grew by 14 percent. The higher growth in Saudi employment in the construction sector is impressive given the particularly high wage differential from non-Saudis. Saudis in the construction sector earned a monthly average of SR3,330 in 2013, while non-Saudis earned only SR1,029.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Challenges">Challenges</h2></div>
<p>The main challenge that Saudization faces is that Saudi employees demand better working conditions than expats, as it is expected for expats to work with no weekends and with 10–12 hour shifts. In terms of salary, expats accept a lower salary than their Saudi counterparts, as they send most of their wages to their home country, where the cost of living is lower than in Saudi Arabia. As Saudi businesses became addicted to low cost labor that could live with low working conditions, there was no incentive to automate and improve working conditions. For example, most gas stations do not have self-service fueling stations, and there is also no self-service in shops and supermarkets. Another example is garbage collection and street cleaning, which is done in a primitive way requiring manual labor in low working conditions.
</p><p>Some observers have called the Saudization efforts "desultory", stating that Saudi businesses find native Saudis unwilling to take service and manual labor jobs. One Saudi employer complained to a Western journalist, Max Rodenbeck: "I want to hire Saudis, but why would I hire someone who I know won't show up, won't care, and can't be fired?" When legislation reserved employment for Saudis in certain designated industries such as taxi driving and selling gold, the laws were quickly rescinded when the targeted industries "degenerated, almost immediately, into chaos" after non-native workers were replaced by Saudis with "no job knowledge and little inclination to work." One effect of the program has been to create a black market for visas for foreign workers estimated at $1500 or more (as of 2008), as Saudization enforcers attempt to limit the issue of work visas and private businesses seek to circumvent that limit. In 2014, Arab News reported that the failure to meet the Saudization target had led to thousands of businesses being shut down, and to others meeting the goals by "cooking the books" by hiring Saudis who do no actual work.
</p><p>The first phase of Saudization went into effect in September 2018, wherein car dealerships and sellers of clothing, furniture, and household utensils would employ locals in approximately 70% of sales jobs. The reform is expected to create 60,000 jobs for Saudis. However, the demand is for 700,000 positions by 2020. The Saudi private sector is still in a very difficult phase, being dominated mostly by foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nitaqat">Nitaqat</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Description">Description</h3></div>
<p>Nitaqat system is a Saudization program aiming to increase the employment of Saudi nationals in the private sector. The program classifies the country's private firms into six categories: Platinum, High Green, Mid Green, Low Green, Yellow, and Red. Platinum is the highest percentage category, followed by High Green and so on; with the Yellow and Red categories being the lowest. The classification of other companies is based on the Saudization percentage (% of Saudi employees) and the total number of employees.
</p><p>Nitaqat requires employers in the private sector with over 9 employees to hire a certain percentage of Saudi nationals, depending on the company’s industry and the number of employees in the company. Companies with less than 10 employees are exempt from the program, but still need to employ at least one Saudi citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rapid visa services are available only to businesses that are in the platinum category of the Nitaqat system to improve employment for Saudis.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The initiative was announced in June 2011, when the Ministry of Labor passed Ministerial Resolution no. (4040). The implementation deadline for the program was in 2013. Nearly 90,000 Indians left Saudi by the end of October 2013. About 466,689 Indian workers have renewed their iqamas (resident permit) over the last five months of the grace period, 359,997 workers have transferred their sponsorship and 355,035 workers changed their job titles to legalize their status (e.g.: profession change, sponsorship change, etc.) reports the Financial Express.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 200,000 private firms were closed down in 2014 for failing to meet the conditions set within the Nitaqat nationalization program aimed at reducing unemployment among Saudis.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The companies receive incentives or penalties depending on the category they belong to:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a full list of percentage breakdown by industry and company size is available.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Saudi Arabia completed the regularization of nearly four million foreign workers in the second quarter of 2013 as part of its `Nitaqat` program, with 1.18 million ex-pats choosing to change their profession.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Misuse_of_Nitaqat">Misuse of Nitaqat</h3></div>
<p>An official at the Ministry of Labor said inspection teams from the ministry are closely monitoring companies who have been exploiting people with disabilities in order to encourage their Saudization rates. The officials check on employees with disabilities during inspection rounds to identify the nature of the work, their presence at the job, and the type of arrangements and services provided to them, noting that the number of people with disabilities employed at a facility cannot exceed 10 percent. If employees with disabilities in a firm exceed more than 10 percent of the total number of Saudi employees, then each disabled worker is calculated like any other Saudi. “It is unfortunate that there are some companies and individuals who exploit people with disabilities to pump up their Saudization rates,”and Saudi workers with disabilities who are able to work are counted as four employees in the Saudization ratio. They must be paid a minimum monthly wage of 3,000 riyals and should not be counted as part of the Saudization ratio of another establishment. Recent reports reveal that companies have been hiring Saudis with disabilities in order to boost Saudization rates as these disabled employees count as 4 employees, thus saving the company from hiring able-bodied Saudi employees at higher salaries. An executive at a private company said there are some people with disabilities who present themselves to the companies for employment in return for salaries, bonuses, and benefits. Companies are thus paying less to disabled employees who is equal to four Saudis than they would if they hired four Saudis with salaries of more than SR 20,000 each. They offer their services. Some companies accept and refuse, others added. The Ministry of Labor and other agencies work together regarding the issue of employees with disabilities, noting that the Ministry of Labor determines the nature of disability upon interviewing the employee. They currently posted a draft of the disability employment legislation on the “Together We Improve” portal for discussion before making a decision to amend the definition of disability work and conditions for employment stipulated in Article 13. Disabled employees to count as more than one employee in Nitaqat, the individual must hold a license or identification card from the Ministry of Social Affairs or Ministry of Labor indicating the type and degree of disability. Further, work conditions and systems must be acceptable and suitable for employees based on the type of disability, and establishments should ensure all services are in place before the employee begins work.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>
<ul><li><a href="Foreign_workers_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Foreign workers in Saudi Arabia">Foreign workers in Saudi Arabia</a></li>
<li><a href="Emiratisation" title="Emiratisation">Emiratisation</a></li>
<li><a href="Omanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Omanisation">Omanisation</a></li>
<li><a href="Qatarization" title="Qatarization">Qatarization</a></li>
<li><a href="Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic nationalism</a></li>
<li><a href="Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism (politics)</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrsd.gov.sa/en/ministry/about-ministry/about-us/ministry-sectors/767512/767566">"Saudization Agency"</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ahmed Al-Omran, Arab News, 22 August 2007</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<cite id="CITEREFManal_Soliman2009" class="citation journal cs1">Manal Soliman, Fakeeh (May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1454/1/Fakeeh_DBA.pdf">"Saudization as a Solution for unemployment The Government Perspective"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Saudization as a Solution for Unemployment the Case of Western Region</i>: <span class="nowrap">77–</span>78.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060319002545/http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=58992&d=15&m=2&y=2005">"Arab News"</a>. <i>www.arabnews.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=58992&d=15&m=2&y=2005">the original</a> on March 19, 2006.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Hertog-1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hertog-1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHertog2010" class="citation book cs1">Hertog, Steffen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YNM4vMi7FtcC&q=saudization&pg=PA191"><i>Princes, Brokers, and Bureaucrats: Oil and the State in Saudi Arabia</i></a>. Cornell University Press. p. 1. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780801457531</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Hertog-91-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hertog-91_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHertog2010" class="citation book cs1">Hertog, Steffen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YNM4vMi7FtcC&q=saudization&pg=PA191"><i>Princes, Brokers, and Bureaucrats: Oil and the State in Saudi Arabia</i></a>. Cornell University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">91–</span>4. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780801457531</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLopesciolo2021" class="citation journal cs1">Lopesciolo, Michael (July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://growthlab.cid.harvard.edu/files/growthlab/files/2021-07-cid-wp-132-saudi-labor-market-outcomes.pdf">"The Quest for Increased Saudization: Labor Market Outcomes and the Shadow Price of Workforce Nationalization Policies"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Center for International Development's Growth Lab at Harvard University</i>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/en-demographic-research-2016_2.pdf">"Saudi stats"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Wynbrandt-252-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wynbrandt-252_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWynbrandt2010" class="citation book cs1">Wynbrandt, James (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eZkIXdsZpPsC&q=history+of+saudization&pg=PA252"><i>A Brief History of Saudi Arabia</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 252. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780816078769</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Wynbrandt-298-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wynbrandt-298_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWynbrandt2010" class="citation book cs1">Wynbrandt, James (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eZkIXdsZpPsC&q=history+of+saudization&pg=PA252"><i>A Brief History of Saudi Arabia</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 298. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780816078769</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ML-2014-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ML-2014_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Amri2014" class="citation news cs1">Al-Amri, Tarad (August 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20140830216374">"The Ministry of Labor has failed to meet its goals"</a>. Saudi Gazette<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/economy/news/687596">"Saudi employment in construction sector impressive"</a>. <i>Arab News</i>. 11 January 2015.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-19/jobs-for-saudis-plan-tests-retailers-used-to-cheap-foreign-labor">"Saudi Businesses Are Struggling to Hire Saudi Workers"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. Bloomberg News. 19 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlapiper.com/files/Publication/8013ec0e-9213-4de5-93b1-769e55e29b70/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/c8a4d367-e2f0-4df4-83c4-8b94cf0e0e88/Be_Aware_Middle_East_June_2012.pdf">Be Aware – Focus on Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</a>. June 2012. DLA Piper.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/businessmen-tells-ministry-solve-labor-market-issues-090912528.html">"Nitaqat system to improve employment for Saudis"</a>. <i>Saudi Gazette</i>. 2014-12-31.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.oneindia.com/india/nitaqat-many-keralites-stranded-in-saudi-1335986.html">http://www.oneindia.com/india/nitaqat-many-keralites-stranded-in-saudi-1335986.html</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222063632/http://www.oneindia.com/india/nitaqat-many-keralites-stranded-in-saudi-1335986.html">Archived</a> 2014-12-22 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/news/611896">"200,000 firms closed down"</a>. <i>Arab News</i>. 2014-08-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-12</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://proven-sa.com/2017/11/saudization-ratio-updates/">"Saudization ratio updates 2017"</a>. <i>Proven SA</i>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9D7ZOd8TYRFQlNndm5qQjhvcWc/view">"Saudization ratio 2017"</a>. <i>Proven SA</i>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/news/world/saudi-arabia-regularises-status-of-40-lakh-expatriate-workers_862797.html">"Saudi Arabia regularises status of 40 lakh expatriate workers"</a>. <i>Zee News</i>. 2013-07-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-10</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/saudi-arabia/news/668001">"Companies misuse nitaqat concession"</a>. <i>Arabnews</i>. 2014-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-02</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=58992&d=15&m=2&y=2005">Cabinet Adopts Measures to Boost Saudization Drive</a>", <i><a href="Arab_News" title="Arab News">Arab News</a></i>, 15 February 2005</li>
<li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.edu/Academics/centers/ccc/publications/OnlineJournal/2004/feb/looneyFeb04.html">Saudization and Sound Economic Reforms: Are the Two Compatible?</a>", Robert Looney, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020329104456/http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/about.asp">Center for Contemporary Conflict</a>, February 2004</li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saudi_Arabia_articles633" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Saudi_Arabia_articles633" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> <a href="Index_of_Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Saudi Arabia–related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="History_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="History of Saudi Arabia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="First_Saudi_State" class="mw-redirect" title="First Saudi State">First Saudi State</a></li>
<li><a href="Second_Saudi_state" title="Second Saudi state">Second Saudi state</a></li>
<li><a href="Third_Saudi_State" title="Third Saudi State">Third Saudi State</a>
<ul><li><a href="Emirate_of_Riyadh" title="Emirate of Riyadh">Emirate of Riyadh</a></li>
<li><a href="Emirate_of_Nejd_and_Hasa" title="Emirate of Nejd and Hasa">Emirate of Nejd and Hasa</a></li>
<li><a href="Sultanate_of_Nejd" title="Sultanate of Nejd">Sultanate of Nejd</a></li>
<li><a href="Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd" title="Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd">Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd</a>
<ul><li><a href="Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Kingdom of Hejaz</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Unification of Saudi Arabia">Unification</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Modern_history_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Modern history of Saudi Arabia">Modern history</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Geography_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Geography of Saudi Arabia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Borders</li>
<li><a href="List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia">Cities and towns</a></li>
<li><a href="Climate_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Climate of Saudi Arabia">Climate</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_earthquakes_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of earthquakes in Saudi Arabia">Earthquakes</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_governorates_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of governorates of Saudi Arabia">Governorates</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_mountains_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of mountains in Saudi Arabia">Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="Provinces_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Provinces of Saudi Arabia">Provinces</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_wadis_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of wadis of Saudi Arabia">Wadis</a></li>
<li><a href="Wildlife_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Wildlife of Saudi Arabia">Wildlife</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Politics_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Politics of Saudi Arabia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Allegiance_Council" title="Allegiance Council">Allegiance Council</a></li>
<li><a href="Council_of_Ministers_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia">Cabinet</a></li>
<li><a href="Consultative_Assembly_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia">Consultative Assembly</a></li>
<li><a href="Custodian_of_the_Two_Holy_Mosques" title="Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques">Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques</a></li>
<li><a href="Foreign_relations_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia">Foreign relations</a></li>
<li><a href="King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">King</a></li>
<li><a href="Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia">Crown Prince</a></li>
<li><a href="Mabahith" title="Mabahith">Mabahith (secret police)</a></li>
<li><a href="National_Security_Council_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="National Security Council (Saudi Arabia)">National Security Council</a></li>
<li><a href="Nuclear_program_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Nuclear program of Saudi Arabia">Nuclear program</a></li>
<li><a href="Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.95em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Legal_system_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Legal system of Saudi Arabia">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Basic_Law_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Basic Law of Saudi Arabia">Basic Law</a></li>
<li><a href="Capital_punishment_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Capital punishment in Saudi Arabia">Capital punishment</a></li>
<li><a href="Elections_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Elections in Saudi Arabia">Elections</a></li>
<li><a href="Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia">Freedom of religion</a></li>
<li><a href="Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Human rights in Saudi Arabia">Human rights</a>
<ul><li><a href="LGBT_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Saudi Arabia">LGBT</a></li>
<li><a href="Rape_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Rape in Saudi Arabia">Rape</a></li>
<li><a href="Women's_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Women's rights in Saudi Arabia">Women</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Judiciary_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Judiciary of Saudi Arabia">Judiciary</a></li>
<li><a href="Committee_for_the_Promotion_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Saudi Arabia)">Mutaween (religious police)</a></li>
<li><a href="Saudi_passport" title="Saudi passport">Passport</a></li>
<li><a href="Visa_policy_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Visa policy of Saudi Arabia">Visa policy</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Military_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Saudi Arabia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Saudi_Arabian_Army" title="Saudi Arabian Army">Army</a></li>
<li><a href="Royal_Saudi_Navy" title="Royal Saudi Navy">Navy</a></li>
<li><a href="Royal_Saudi_Air_Force" title="Royal Saudi Air Force">Air Force</a></li>
<li><a href="Royal_Saudi_Air_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Saudi Air Defense">Air Defense</a></li>
<li><a href="Royal_Saudi_Strategic_Missile_Force" title="Royal Saudi Strategic Missile Force">Strategic Missile Force</a></li>
<li><a href="Saudi_Arabian_National_Guard" title="Saudi Arabian National Guard">National Guard</a></li>
<li><a href="Chairman_of_the_General_Staff" title="Chairman of the General Staff">Chairman of the General Staff</a></li>
<li><a href="General_Staff_Presidency" title="General Staff Presidency">General Staff Presidency</a></li>
<li><a href="General_Intelligence_Presidency" title="General Intelligence Presidency">General Intelligence Presidency</a></li>
<li><a href="Saudi_Arabian_military_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian military ranks">Military ranks</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Economy_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Economy of Saudi Arabia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Agriculture_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Agriculture in Saudi Arabia">Agriculture</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_companies_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of companies of Saudi Arabia">Companies</a></li>
<li><a href="Capital_Market_Authority_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Capital Market Authority (Saudi Arabia)">Capital Market Authority</a></li>
<li><a href="Council_of_Economic_and_Development_Affairs_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Council of Economic and Development Affairs (Saudi Arabia)">Council of Economic and Development Affairs</a></li>
<li><a href="Energy_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Energy in Saudi Arabia">Energy</a>
<ul><li><a href="Oil_reserves_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Oil reserves in Saudi Arabia">Oil reserves</a></li>
<li><a href="History_of_the_oil_industry_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="History of the oil industry in Saudi Arabia">History of the oil industry</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Foreign_workers_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Foreign workers in Saudi Arabia">Foreign workers</a></li>
<li><a href="Irrigation_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Irrigation in Saudi Arabia">Irrigation</a></li>
<li><a href="OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a></li>
<li><a href="Saudi_riyal" title="Saudi riyal">Riyal (currency)</a></li>
<li><a href="Saudi_Central_Bank" title="Saudi Central Bank">Saudi Central Bank</a></li>
<li><a href="Supreme_Economic_Council_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Supreme Economic Council of Saudi Arabia">Supreme Economic Council</a></li>
<li><a href="Tadawul" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadawul">Tadawul (stock exchange)</a></li>
<li><a href="Telecommunications_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Telecommunications in Saudi Arabia">Telecommunications</a></li>
<li><a href="Tourism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Tourism in Saudi Arabia">Tourism</a></li>
<li><a href="Transport_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Transport in Saudi Arabia">Transport</a>
<ul><li><a href="Rail_transport_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Rail transport in Saudi Arabia">rail</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Abortion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abortion in Saudi Arabia">Abortion</a></li>
<li><a href="Censorship_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Censorship in Saudi Arabia">Censorship</a></li>
<li><a href="Crime_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Crime in Saudi Arabia">Crime</a></li>
<li><a href="Demographics_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Demographics of Saudi Arabia">Demographics</a>
<ul><li><a href="Youth_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Youth in Saudi Arabia">youth</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Social_and_racial_discrimination_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Social and racial discrimination in Saudi Arabia">Discrimination</a></li>
<li><a href="Education_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Education in Saudi Arabia">Education</a>
<ul><li><a href="Libraries_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Libraries in Saudi Arabia">libraries</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of universities and colleges in Saudi Arabia">universities</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Health_care_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Health care in Saudi Arabia">Health care</a></li>
<li><a href="Human_trafficking_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Human trafficking in Saudi Arabia">Human trafficking</a></li>
<li><a href="Obesity_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Obesity in Saudi Arabia">Obesity</a></li>
<li><a href="Polygamy_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Polygamy in Saudi Arabia">Polygamy</a></li>
<li><a href="Prostitution_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prostitution in Saudi Arabia">Prostitution</a></li>
<li><a href="Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia">Terrorism</a>
<ul><li><a href="Response_of_Saudi_Arabia_to_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Response of Saudi Arabia to ISIL">response to ISIL</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Saudi Arabia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Culture_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Culture of Saudi Arabia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Saudi_Arabian_art" title="Saudi Arabian art">Art</a></li>
<li><a href="Visual_arts_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Visual arts in Saudi Arabia">Visual arts</a></li>
<li><a href="Cinema_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Cinema of Saudi Arabia">Cinema</a></li>
<li><a href="Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li>
<li><a href="Arabic" title="Arabic">Language</a></li>
<li><a href="Media_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Saudi Arabia">Media</a>
<ul><li><a href="Television_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Television in Saudi Arabia">television</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Music_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Music of Saudi Arabia">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="Public_holidays_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Public holidays in Saudi Arabia">Public holidays</a></li>
<li><a href="Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Religion</a>
<ul><li><a href="Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Islam in Saudi Arabia">Islam</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Sport_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Sport in Saudi Arabia">Sport</a>
<ul><li><a href="Football_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Football in Saudi Arabia">football</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Theatre_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in Saudi Arabia">Theatre</a></li>
<li><a href="Heritage_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Heritage in Saudi Arabia">Heritage</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="National_symbols_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="National symbols of Saudi Arabia">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="National_Anthem_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Anthem of Saudi Arabia">Anthem</a></li>
<li><a href="Ardah" title="Ardah">Dance</a></li>
<li><a href="Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Emblem of Saudi Arabia">Emblem</a></li>
<li><a href="Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Flag of Saudi Arabia">Flag</a></li>
<li><a href="Shahada" title="Shahada">Motto</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="Outline_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Outline of Saudi Arabia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="Index_of_Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Saudi Arabia–related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li>Category</li>
<li><a href="Portal%3ASaudi_Arabia" title="Portal:Saudi Arabia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-28" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Saudization&oldid=1287711575">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body></html>